The mind-body dichotomy is the view that "mental" phenomena are, in some respects, "non-physical" (distinct from the body). The mind-body dichotomy is the starting point of Dualism, and became conceptualized in the form is currently known in the Western world in René Descartes philosophy, but also appeared in pre-Aristotelian concepts.

Bibliography

Sacred-profane dichotomy
Chinese room
Descartes' Error
John Searle
Mikhail Bakhtin
Strong AI vs. Weak AI
Dualism (philosophy of mind)
Bodymind
philosophy of mind